var Labor = {
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"name": "Labor",
"crs": { "type": "name", "properties": { "name": "urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84" } },
"features": [
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 41, "year": 1785, "date": "1785\/08", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "August: A \"fracas\" occurred between the N.E. ship Friendshipand the Marie Victorie, a French vessel, at the old Ferry Wharf. It occurred at 2:00pm and was triggered over and argument concerning an open slot at the wharf. The French ship had arrived first and N.E. crew, sans the captain, attacked the French twice. The N.E. crew numbered 12 or 14 men. Four of them were afterwards arrested but only three were arraigned to be tried at the September session of the court of O+T.", "Source": "N.Y. Journal, August 18, 1785.N.Y. Packet, August 18, 1785.", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Religious; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Sailor; American; Protestant", "Target Classification": "Sailor; French; Catholic", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Medium", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 143, "year": 1792, "date": "1792\/05", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia - Delaware River", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "May: During the Philadelphia Pilot's Strike some violence was threatened. Ships were boarded by pilots both 1st rate and less experienced. One sloops was boarded, its captain was seized, and he was forced to accompany the pilots to their shallop (??). A red faced man presented the captain with a Bible and insisted that he swear upon it that he would not bring ships up and down the river. When the Captain refused he was told that he would be tried and kept with several other prisoners he had onboard. Another pilot swore that he had a cutlass and \"would cut the damned rascal's shoulder off.\"", "Source": "K. Keller. \"Philadelphia Pilot's Strike\"", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Sailor", "Target Classification": "Sailor", "Actions": "Strike; Threat; Seized Person(s); Occupied Space", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Regional", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 309, "year": 1800, "date": "1800\/04", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Baltimore", "Location": "Baltimore", "Lat": 39.293324, "Long": -76.615924, "Description": "April: Federal Gazette April 11, described sailors strike as follows (Saposs says strike in NY, March 26 - but it doesn't fit quote). \"A large mob of sailors who had turned out for higher wages, and were parading the streets of Fell's Pt on Monday, in riotous confusion, made an attempt after dark to board and (??) a vessel belonging to Messis David Steward and sons, on board it was said, men had entered at 18 a month. Their design being learnt, several citizens put themselves on board, to defend her in case of necessity, from the savages ofthe mob, who seemed bent on mischief and approached with drums and fife, and colours flying. As they attempted to get on board they were opposed, when a severe conflict ensued, and notwithstanding the vessel lay alongside the wharf, they were three times repulsed with broken heads and bloody noses. Mr. David Stewart [sic], Mr. Beeman, and several others who were on board, we learn, were very considerably wounded - but fortunately, no lives were lost.\"", "Source": "Cited in Saposs in Commons, et al.Hist. of Labour in US, I, p.110-111", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Sailor", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": 2, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "David Stewart; Beeman", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.615924, 39.293324 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 331, "year": 1801, "date": "1801\/11", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "November: City bakers stop work because Common Council reinstated the Assize of Bread.", "Source": "Rock.Artisans, p.186", "Type": "Labor; Tax", "Rioter Classification": "Baker; Worker", "Target Classification": "Political; Government", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 336, "year": 1802, "date": "1802\/10", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "October: Seamen for several days paraded up and down the wharfs with drums beating and colors flying in the hopes of pressuring the merchants to raise wages from $10 to $14 a month. They boarded several ships ready to sail and between threats and violence compelled many other seamen not to sail. On the 20th they even demanded the ship's papers from the captain and the brig Sally. The mayor, some magistrates, and peace officers intercepted these \"Maritime Insurgents\" at their rendezvous in the morning (20th), taking a number in custody without resistance.", "Source": "N.Y.Evening Post, October 21, 1802", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Sailor", "Target Classification": "Merchant; Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Threat; Seized Property", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 346, "year": 1804, "date": "1804\/09", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Elkton", "Location": "Elkton, Md", "Lat": 39.609286, "Long": -75.825092, "Description": "September: A number of united Irishmen, canal workers, left off work, went to the race track armed with bludgeons and (??). There they paraded about and became involved in a fight with some blacks. They demolished one free black person's stall and chased the rest of the blacks toward town. The blacks bought protection from the whites. Several gentlemen of the races attempted to intercede. The Irish attacked these gentlemen too and a battle ensued between this mounted gentry armed with whips and Irish ruffians. Some of the gentry were injured, but it is inplied that the rioters got the worst of it, a few of whom, it was said, died afterwards. On their approach to the races the Irish are reported as declaring they could whip double their number of Americans.", "Source": "N.Y.E.P., October 13, 1804", "Type": "Racial; Labor; Religious", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic", "Target Classification": "Black; Protestant; American", "Actions": "Lethal Violence; Property Destroyed; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "National", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.825092, 39.609286 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 348, "year": 1805, "date": "1805\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: Journeymen cabinetmakers walked out when the masters refused to honor an oral wage settlement.", "Source": "Artisans…, p.280-281", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Journeyman", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 350, "year": 1805, "date": "1805\/11", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "November: Philadelphia cordwainers strike, 1805; scabs were beaten and employers intimidated by demonstrations in front of the shop or by breaking shop windows. Other than this, Suposs claims strikes before 1827 were conducted peacefully.", "Source": "Suposs in Commons, et. Al.History of Labour in the USI, p.126", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Scab", "Actions": "Strike; Threat; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 430, "year": 1809, "date": "1809\/10", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "October: Printers walk out on a few unyielding employers after a general agreement had been made.", "Source": "Rock.Artisans, p.273", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Printer; Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 446, "year": 1810, "date": "1810\/06", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "June: Carpenters and masons walked out seeking a salary of 12 shillings a day. Angry carpenters broke the windows of an unsympathetic (??)", "Source": "Rock.Artisans, p.278", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 447, "year": 1810, "date": "1810\/06", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "June: Journeymen carpenters standing out for higher wages. This was opposed by the business community. The strike began May 16.", "Source": "N.Y. Rep. Watchtower, June 3, 1810", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 538, "year": 1814, "date": "1814\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: Mutiny aboard the privateer Harrison, Captain Perry. Mutineers had temporarily the advantage - but it was suppressed. 12 or 14 of the ringleaders sent to the navy yard for court martial. Unclear if vessel was in the harbor at the time.", "Source": "NY Gazette, April 28, 1814", "Type": "Mutiny; Labor; Military", "Rioter Classification": "Sailor; Privateer", "Target Classification": "Sailor; Officer; Navy; Privateer", "Actions": "Mutiny", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Perry", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 562, "year": 1816, "date": "1816\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: Laborer's strike includes forceful action to disrupt working construction gangs. Tools taken from men working.", "Source": "NYC GS, May 17, 1816", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Striker; Worker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Employer", "Actions": "Threat; Seized Property", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 563, "year": 1816, "date": "1816\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: During a labourer's strike a large group of men gathered together and attempted to disrupt other construction gangs. They coerced men to join them and tried to take tools away from other workmen. Two were tried, one was convicted.", "Source": "NYC General Sessions, May 17, 1816", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Striker; Worker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Employer", "Actions": "Threat; Seized Property", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 564, "year": 1816, "date": "1816\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: 7 or 8 men entered a building on James street and to prevent the men from working there one of the men took a shovel away from a laborer working there.", "Source": "SC PC cases 7434 1", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Striker; Worker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Employer", "Actions": "Threat; Seized Property", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Small", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 565, "year": 1816, "date": "1816\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: Stonecutters want a raise in wages.", "Source": "Columbian, May 17, 1816", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 604, "year": 1818, "date": "1818\/08", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "August: Argument between two labourers and Salem Wines, shopkeeper, over apprentice boy attracted a mob and threatened riot. The labourers wanted the boy or his head. They claimed they had authority from the polic but an alderman persuaded them to leave. One was definitely acquitted.", "Source": "NYC General Sessions, September 18, 1818", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Merchant; Employer; Youth", "Actions": "Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Small", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Salem Wines", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 618, "year": 1819, "date": "1819\/03", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "March: When the captain of the Spanish ship Miniverum attempted to sail earlier than originally planed, most of the crew objected and a riot ensued.", "Source": "SC PC cases 7435 4", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Sailor; Spanish; Catholic", "Target Classification": "Sailor; Officer; Spanish; Catholic", "Actions": "Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 620, "year": 1819, "date": "1819\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: Journeymen tailors walked off the job because the masters wanted them to work next to women.", "Source": "Rock.Artisans, p.281", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Woman", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 623, "year": 1819, "date": "1819\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: All journeymen masons walked off their jobs when the builders attempted to lower their salaries by 1 shilling per day. They even walked out on some were paying old high wages.", "Source": "Rock.Aritisans, p.276", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 644, "year": 1820, "date": "1820\/06", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "June: In reprisal for beating his apprentice Reuben Silvester's house was stoned by a gang of boys. They were encouraged in this act by two women.", "Source": "SC PC - cases 7436 9", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Youth; Woman", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Property Destroyed; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Reuben Silvester", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 673, "year": 1822, "date": "1822\/09", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "September: About 100 sailors marched \"with drums, fifes, and colors, stopping at public places, and going to the city hall and huzzahing.\" Reason: A ship to be brought by the Columbian government had hired a smaller than anticipated interim crew at short wages. Eventually the civil authority was sent for; some of the ringleaders were taken. The rest dispersed peacably.", "Source": "NY.Statesman and Advertiser for the Country, September 16, 1822", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National; Religious", "Rioter Classification": "Sailor; American", "Target Classification": "Columbian; Catholic", "Actions": "Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 675, "year": 1822, "date": "1822\/11", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "November: People vs Trequier. Acted to resist an attempt of the employers assoc. to reduce wages.", "Source": "Commons and Gilmore.Criminal CasesI, p.142-151", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Unknown", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 692, "year": 1824, "date": "1824\/03", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "March: A number of persons were discharged from the West Poit Foundery Assoc. for violating the regulations of the Assoc. Several collected around the factory crying \"free trade and sailor's rights,\" rung a bell, and made noise. One forced his way through the doorway into the factory yard to disrupt the workmen.", "Source": "NYC SC PC - cases 7438 1", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Sailor", "Target Classification": "Worker", "Actions": "Threat; Occupied Space", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 693, "year": 1824, "date": "1824\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: Journeymen House Painters struck for an increase of wages.", "Source": "Commons.History of Labour, p.157", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Painter", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 695, "year": 1824, "date": "1824\/05", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Elkton", "Location": "Elkton, Md", "Lat": 39.609286, "Long": -75.825092, "Description": "May: Probably several riot among workers on the Chesepeake and Delaware Canal.", "Source": "NYEP, June 24, 1824", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.825092, 39.609286 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 696, "year": 1824, "date": "1824\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: Journeymen carpenters turnout for higher wages. Parade through Bwy and other principle streets - no violence.", "Source": "NYEvening Post, May 18 and 24, 1824", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Carpenter", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 697, "year": 1824, "date": "1824\/05", "State": "Rhode Island", "Sublocation": "Pawtucket", "Location": "Pawtucket, RI", "Lat": 41.878101, "Long": -71.389063, "Description": "May: Textile workers, both male and female, turn out against reduced wages. They visited the houses of manufacturers, were tumultuous, shouting and uttering insulting language and broke a window in one of the mills.", "Source": "NYEP, June 3, 1824", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Textile Worker; Woman", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -71.389063, 41.878101 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 700, "year": 1824, "date": "1824\/08", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "August: Journeymen Masons stand out for $1.50 a day wage.", "Source": "Evening Post, August 24, 1824", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Mason", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 715, "year": 1825, "date": "1825\/03", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "March: Dock workers and laborers walked out on strike. Numbering about 800 to 1000 they paraded through the streets forced many quiet persons to join them and committed some other excesses. A few ringleaders were arrested and the remainder dispersed.", "Source": "Stokes.Iconography…V, p.1646", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Dockworker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 716, "year": 1825, "date": "1825\/03", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "March: Dock strikers intimidate workmen on ships lying at the foot of Dover street.", "Source": "NYC General Sessions, April 11, 1825", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Dockworker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 717, "year": 1825, "date": "1825\/03", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "March: Riggers strike James Thompson and others enter a rigger's loft and demand those working there to stop. Jacob Hays came to the scene and arrested Thompson and John Phiam.", "Source": "John Webs.", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Rigger", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": "James Thompson; John Phiam", "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 721, "year": 1825, "date": "1825\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: Irish and Yankee cartmen came to blows over the use of large cart (??). The Irish didn't like the yankee using them. Stones were thrown and blows exchanged. Might just be an A+B.", "Source": "NYAmerican, May 9, 1825", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Religious; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; American; Protestant; Worker; Cartman", "Target Classification": "Irish; Catholic; American; Protestant; Worker; Cartman", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 722, "year": 1825, "date": "1825\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: Tailors' strike. Asked \"for what is equivalent to about $4 advance a week on previous wages.\"", "Source": "Commons.History of Labour, p.157", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Tailor", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 724, "year": 1825, "date": "1825\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: Between Black Rock and (??) Creek: Irish canal workers rioted and one man is missing and likely he was killed. 12 rioters were arrested, examined before SG Austin of Buffalo committed to await trial.", "Source": "Common Advertiser, May 16, 1825", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Canal Worker", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 748, "year": 1826, "date": "1826\/03", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "March: Irish cartman beat up on James Anderson because they suspected that he was not a Roman Catholic and because he worked too hard on a job with them. A+B case.", "Source": "NYC General Sessions, April 7, 1826", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Religious; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Cartman", "Target Classification": "Worker; Cartman", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": 1, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "James Anderson", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 791, "year": 1827, "date": "1827\/08", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "August: Reports of some violence on both sides in journeymen tailors strike. Reports that some strikers attacked scabs. Subsequently in a trial strikers are convicted of conspiracy, but acquitted of assault charges. At least 5 men said to be involved in mob activity.", "Source": "Commons and Gilmore.Doc. Hist. of Ind. Soc., p.103, 110-111, 119-124, 197, 258, 264", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Tailor", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 835, "year": 1828, "date": "1828\/07", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "July: Weaver's strike saw crowd coersion used as a mob of 40 or 50 visited non-striking weavers along 8th ave and destroyed the Webbs of Alex, Knox, cotton manufacturer. Knox's son, Alex Jr., was accosted by the mob. They also threatened to destroy their house and manufacturing center.", "Source": "NYC General Sessions, July 14, 1828", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Weaver", "Target Classification": "Strikebreaker; Employer", "Actions": "Threat; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Alex Knox; Alex Knox jr.", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 838, "year": 1828, "date": "1828\/07", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "July: Dockworker's strike. Massive crowd action. Several ships attacked. Many indictments for riot.", "Source": "NYC General Sessions, July 16, 1828", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Dockworker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Property Destroyed; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 845, "year": 1828, "date": "1828\/08", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "August: Kensing weavers riot. Stephen Heimer, a watchman, was killed. Heimer was off duty. He entered an Irish tavern, made noise as he had in the street, 3rd street above Poplar Lowe, and called the owners \"bloody Irish transports.\" Hence he was attacked. He had been asked to be quiet because there was a dying woman in the house. Irish weavers riot, leaving one watchman dead. The rioters seized a building and hoisted a flag of the weaver's trade.", "Source": "Scharf and Wescott, I, p.623", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Religious; Law; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Weaver", "Target Classification": "Legal; Police; Watchman", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Stephen Heimer", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 847, "year": 1828, "date": "1828\/09", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Harrisburg", "Location": "Near Harrisburg", "Lat": 40.272046, "Long": -76.876657, "Description": "September: Canal workers for the NY Mamouth Company rioted as their wages were in arrears - for some working men it was as much as $400. There was another riot there a half year later.", "Source": "Sullivan.Ind. Worker of Penn., p.151-152", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.876657, 40.272046 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 880, "year": 1829, "date": "1829\/03", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "March: Stone workers at Ferris Marble Manufacturers stood out for wages. They used threats, violence, and mob action to coerce non-strikers and scabs off the job.", "Source": "SC PC cases 7441 3+4", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Stone Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 882, "year": 1829, "date": "1829\/04", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Penn Canal", "Location": "Penn Canal", "Lat": 40.281137, "Long": -75.845769, "Description": "April: Workers use violence in strike concerning wages.", "Source": "Grinmsted. \"A L,\" p. 11, 23, 40", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.845769, 40.281137 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 883, "year": 1829, "date": "1829\/04", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Penn Canal", "Location": "Penn", "Lat": 40.281137, "Long": -75.845769, "Description": "April: Canal workers combine for higher wages. They not only refused to work but also used vioelnce to prevent others from working. They were put down and ringleaders arrested. Most of the strikers were foreigners.", "Source": "Niles.Weekly Register, April 11, 1829", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.845769, 40.281137 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 900, "year": 1829, "date": "1829\/08", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Baltimore", "Location": "Baltimore", "Lat": 39.293324, "Long": -76.615924, "Description": "August: Several disturbances by laborers at B+O railroad. On Friday Aug. 14 one man was killed near city, several wounded. On Sunday rioters ransacked the dwelling of Thomas Elliott, one of the contractors.", "Source": "Scharf.Chronicles, p.441", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Railroad Worker", "Target Classification": "Contractor", "Actions": "Lethal Violence; Non-Lethal Violence; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Regional", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Thomas Elliott", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.615924, 39.293324 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 917, "year": 1829, "date": "1829\/12", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Franklin Co.", "Location": "Franklin Co., Penn", "Lat": 40.018342, "Long": -77.682709, "Description": "December: Journeymen shoemakers tried for conspiring to set prices and wages and compell owners to hire only members of their society. They also corresponded with like societies in Pittsburgh and elsewhere and drove an ex-member out of town. Two men convicted.", "Source": "Niles'Weekly Register, January 2, 1830", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Shoemaker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Regional", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.682709, 40.018342 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 930, "year": 1830, "date": "1830\/05", "State": "Georgia", "Sublocation": "Milledgeville", "Location": "Milledgeville, GA", "Lat": 33.076141, "Long": -83.234242, "Description": "May: Riot among diggers. 50 or 60 Carolinians attempted to drive off 20 or 30 Georgians from the area they were digging. The Carolinians were unsuccessful.", "Source": "Common Advertiser, May 12, 1830", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Digger; Carolinian", "Target Classification": "Digger; Georgian", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Medium", "Riot Scope": "Regional", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -83.234242, 33.076141 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 934, "year": 1830, "date": "1830\/06", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "June: Stonecutters objected to the use of granite pillars made in Sing Sing. In the forenoon they assembled in a large body in Broadway opposite construction site of the American Museum on the corner of Ann street. \"They ordered the workers to desist from going on with their work, and used threat to compel them to break off.\" The police office was notified and several of the most active were arrested.", "Source": "NYEP, June 22, 1830", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Stone Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 942, "year": 1830, "date": "1830\/10", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Carbondale", "Location": "Carbondale, Pa", "Lat": 41.572129, "Long": -75.501808, "Description": "October: Irish workers fight with native born workers.", "Source": "Grimsted, \"Antebellum Labor\"", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Religious; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Irish; Catholic; American", "Target Classification": "Worker; Irish; Catholic; American", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.501808, 41.572129 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 966, "year": 1831, "date": "1831\/05", "State": "Massachusetts", "Sublocation": "Lowell", "Location": "Lowell, MA", "Lat": 42.650502, "Long": -71.318531, "Description": "May: Riot among canal workers.", "Source": "Way.Common Labour, p.288", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -71.318531, 42.650502 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 967, "year": 1831, "date": "1831\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: J. cabinetmakers and\/or coachmakers strike lasts for over a month. Intimidate non-strikers. Beat one man up after he had gone to the police office.", "Source": "Weinbaum,Mobs, p.64", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Cabinetmaker; Coachmaker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Threat; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": 1, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Joseph M. Burger", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 968, "year": 1831, "date": "1831\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: Journeymen cabinetmakers strike lasted over a month. The strikers attmpted to persuade and intimidate journeymen working for less wages for about a month. In the evening of May 3, they beat up Joseph M. Burger after he returned from the police office to notify the police. A dozen journeymen named in court records, four were arrested. The issue was later dropped.", "Source": "Weinbaum, p.64", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Cabinetmaker; Coachmaker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Threat; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Joseph M. Burger", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 969, "year": 1831, "date": "1831\/05", "State": "Massachusetts", "Sublocation": "Lowell", "Location": "Lowell, MA", "Lat": 42.650502, "Long": -71.318531, "Description": "May: Riot between Irish and Americans. Irish went from shop to shop collecting wood and metal chips. Occassionally, words were exchanged between the native American laborers and Irish. When an American decided to chastise an Irishman on the 17th and probably beat him, the conflict escalated into a general melee on Tuesday night. On Wednesday, the Americans attacked the Irish huts. Several Irishmen were injured. One infant accidently killed. Magistrates interfered but refused to prosecute because no serious damage done.", "Source": "NYEP, May 24, 1831", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Religious; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; American; Laborer", "Target Classification": "Worker; Irish; Catholic; Youth", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -71.318531, 42.650502 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 970, "year": 1831, "date": "1831\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: Turnout by journeymen carpenters on Thursday morning they formed a procession and invited other carpenters to join them. They wanted a raise from 11 shillings to 12 shillings a day. No violence.", "Source": "Spectator, May 31, 1831", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Carpenter", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 971, "year": 1831, "date": "1831\/06", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Baltimore", "Location": "Baltimore", "Lat": 39.293324, "Long": -76.615924, "Description": "June: Strikers riot over cut in wages and probably contractor absconding or taking wages.", "Source": "Grimsted, p.10-11", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.615924, 39.293324 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 972, "year": 1831, "date": "1831\/06", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "June: Printers demanding higher wages.", "Source": "Common Advertiser, June 24, 1831", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 975, "year": 1831, "date": "1831\/06", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": null, "Location": "Maryland", "Lat": 39.336873, "Long": -77.073283, "Description": "June: Railroad riot - A contractor cheated the laborers out of their pay. The company wanted to settle by dividing up the remaining money due the contractors. This was less than the money owed to the workers. Some laborers agreed to this, others did not. When the company tried to pay off the laborers objections were made and the agent was prevented from dispersing money. The workers started to tear up the line, 26 mile below Baltimore. No rioters arrested.", "Source": "NYEP, July 5, 1831", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Railroad Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Contractor", "Actions": "Threat; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.073283, 39.336873 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 980, "year": 1831, "date": "1831\/08", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "New Market", "Location": "New Market, Maryland", "Lat": 39.382025, "Long": -77.268418, "Description": "August: White (Irish) and black railroad workers began fighting Sunday evening. The disturbance was easily quelled. At 3:00pm rioting broke out again. Local citizens interfered, dispersing the Irish, capturing 20. About 400 Irish regrouped and marched into town to rescue the prisoners. Further violence prevented by intercession of Rev. M. Elroy and CW Weaver, Esq. M Elroy bailed the imprisoned rioters, talked the Irish mob down and led them out of town. Several persons injured.", "Source": "NYEP, August 22, 1831", "Type": "Racial; Labor; Law", "Rioter Classification": "White; Black; Irish; Catholic; Worker; Railroad Worker", "Target Classification": "White; Black; Irish; Catholic; Worker; Railroad Worker", "Actions": "Prison Break; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.268418, 39.382025 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1000, "year": 1831, "date": "1831\/12", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "December: Auction of furniture made outside of the city disrupted by journeymen cabinetmakers in the morning. They shouted down the auctioneer. Some defaced the furniture. They believed the competition would lower wages.", "Source": "NYEP, December 21, 1831", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Cabinetmaker", "Target Classification": "Auction", "Actions": "Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1018, "year": 1832, "date": "1832\/08", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "August: About 50 persons attacked John Eldred and his workers in 12 ward, compelling them to leave off work on the Public Roads and threatening to break his cub if he did not quit.", "Source": "NYC General Sessions, September 10, 1832", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Unknown", "Target Classification": "Worker", "Actions": "Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Medium", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "John Eldred", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1044, "year": 1833, "date": "1833\/08", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Pennsylvania", "Location": "Pennsylvania", "Lat": 40.932085, "Long": -77.601813, "Description": "August: German canal worker, Charles Hickenbottom, murdered by about 20 other canal workers. One worker had been dismissed, 20 of his fellow workers quit in sympathy. They then went down to the canal about one mile and attacked Hickenbottom. 11 arrested and charged with murder. Five charged with A+B and riot.", "Source": "NYEP, August 6, 1833", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker; German", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Small", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.601813, 40.932085 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1050, "year": 1833, "date": "1833\/08", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Dunnsburg", "Location": "Dunnsburg, PA", "Lat": 41.247361, "Long": -76.979092, "Description": "August: Riot between laborers working on the Great Island Dam and a number of boatmen. On Saturday morning a dispute over a boatload of stone, the laborers wanted it placed on the dam, led to a riot which continued until Sunday evening. One Irish laborer was killed. Several people were wounded. The militia was called out Sunday to quell the disturbance.", "Source": "Common Advertiser, August 30, 1833", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Religious; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Irish; Catholic; Boatman", "Target Classification": "Worker; Irish; Catholic; Boatman", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.979092, 41.247361 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1060, "year": 1833, "date": "1833\/11", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "November: Some violence at meetings of journeymen tailors on strike to maintain meetings. With over 2,000 tailors there were difficulties in maintaing solidarity. Some workers returned to shops for below standard wages.", "Source": "Morning CourierNovember 16, 1833", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Tailor", "Target Classification": "Worker; Tailor; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1061, "year": 1833, "date": "1833\/11", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "November: Piano Forte workers on strike harassed Benjamin Eastmond because of his refusal to join the strike. They followed him about the street, even into the shop, threatening him. On the evening of the 20th they assaulted him, tearing his court. Twelve men are named. Maybe more involved.", "Source": "NYC SC PC - 7446", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Small", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Benjamin Eastmond", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1062, "year": 1833, "date": "1833\/11", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "November: Piano makers on strike for wages. Hassle non-strikers, threatening them and on the 20th assaulting them. Lasted several days at least.", "Source": "NYC SC PC - 7446", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1077, "year": 1833, "date": "1833\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: Strike by journeymen carpenters for higher wages. Parades through the streets to get support for the strike from some strikers. Wanted a raise from $1.32 to $1.50.", "Source": "P. Howe Diary VI, May 17, 1833", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Carpenter", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1080, "year": 1833, "date": "1833\/06", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "Brooklyn", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "June: Turnout of ropemakers objecting to the introduction of labor saving machinery. On the 17th abuot 200 ropemakers from NYC and Bklyn marched to Lewis' ropewalk at the Walkabout to seize rope manufactured there with the new marhcinery. They talked it over with the owner and bought it from him. They then paraded through Bklyn, with drum and fife and burnt it in a bon fire at Fort Green.", "Source": "NYEP, June 19, 1833", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Ropemaker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Lewis", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1085, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/01", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Lancaster", "Location": "Lancaster, Penn", "Lat": 40.031466, "Long": -76.281284, "Description": "January: Workers use col (??) violence during strike concerning wages. Pennsylvania canal workers involved.", "Source": "Geinstel, \"A-C,\" 11,23,40", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.281284, 40.031466 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1086, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/01", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Williamsport", "Location": "Williamsport, Md", "Lat": 39.595218, "Long": -77.821478, "Description": "January-Feb: Canal workers from Cork fight with workers from Longford in an effort to protect their jobs. Several battles fought, resulting in 6 deaths.", "Source": "Grinsted. \"Ante-Bellum Labor,\" JSH (1965), p.9", "Type": "Labor; Gang", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker; Irish; Catholic; Gang", "Target Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker; Irish; Catholic; Gang", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "6", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "Regional", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.821478, 39.595218 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1090, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/02", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "February: Riotous attack on Michael Farrel's sailor's boarding house at 350 Water street. Furniture was broken, propery injured, he was robbed of $150 and threatened with further action. There had earlier been a meeting at Harmony Hall to discuss the sailor's interests. Those in the mob are identified by testimony as sailors or other boarding housekeepers. Might be some kind of worker's action.", "Source": "NYC SC PC 7446 6, Farrel v. Roe et al., F. 15, 1834", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Sailor; Merchant", "Target Classification": "Merchant; Boardinghouse", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Michael Farrel", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1092, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/03", "State": "Louisiana", "Sublocation": "New Orleans", "Location": "New Orleans", "Lat": 29.944425, "Long": -90.08651, "Description": "March: Faction fight among canal workers. Several killed. (??) guards ordered out.", "Source": "Way.Common Labour, p.195,289", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -90.08651, 29.944425 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1098, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/04", "State": "Massachusetts", "Sublocation": "Mansfield", "Location": "Mansfield, MA", "Lat": 42.023918, "Long": -71.216477, "Description": "April: 400 R.R. laborers struck for higher wages and armed with clubs, assaulted one of the contractors. The High Sheriff of Norfolk called out the militia, and arrested nine ringleaders. The deputy sheriff also caleld on the militia and arrested six.", "Source": "Common Advertiser, April 25, 1834", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Railroad Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Railroad", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -71.216477, 42.023918 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1099, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: Sailor's riot at Munson's boarding house, Number 62 Cherry street. Conflicting stories. One says Munson shipped sailors out with less than the standard advance. As a result, 100 sailors attacked his house and abused his barkeeper. Another report says that Munson was head of a sailor's organization. After a meeting some sailors were misled by a Munson rival and then engaged in the destruction.", "Source": "M. Court. NY Eng, April 25, 1834", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Sailor", "Target Classification": "Merchant", "Actions": "Property Destroyed; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Munson", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1102, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/04", "State": "Massachusetts", "Sublocation": "Mansfield", "Location": "Mansfield, MA", "Lat": 42.023918, "Long": -71.216477, "Description": "April: Irish workers demand higher wages and more grog. They beat contractor when he refused to comply immediately.", "Source": "Grimsted, \"Ante-bellum Labor,\" p.10,11", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Irish; Catholic", "Target Classification": "Employer; Contractor", "Actions": "Threat; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": 1, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -71.216477, 42.023918 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1109, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/06", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "June: J. Bakers strikes for higher wages. Strike sanctioned by the Trades Union. They want $1.00 per barrel for baking and a 9 barrel week…some bakers willing to comply. Fear of outside workers expressed.", "Source": "MC and NYE, June 9 and 19, 1834;NYEP, June 9, 1834", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Baker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1111, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/06", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "June: Turnout among J. cordwainers of ladies shoes. Not industry-wide; confined to those employees who were trying to lower wages.", "Source": "NYEP, June 14, 1834", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Cordwainer", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1112, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/06", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Maryland", "Location": "Maryland", "Lat": 39.109037, "Long": -76.88685, "Description": "June: Laborers on Washington railroad rioted. Fight was between Irish factions and four persons were killed. 30 or 40 rioters arrested. Militia from Baltimore ordered out to quell riot. Factions: Fardowns and Corkeans - one of those killed was a woman.", "Source": "Common Advertiser, June 19, 20, 1834", "Type": "Labor; Gang", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Irish; Catholic; Railroad Worker; Gang", "Target Classification": "Worker; Irish; Catholic; Railroad Worker; Woman; Gang", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "4", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Medium", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.88685, 39.109037 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1113, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/06", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Maryland", "Location": "Maryland", "Lat": 39.109037, "Long": -76.88685, "Description": "June: Railroad workers again rioted in the evening. One man killed, two others seriously injured. Some Gerrons and oe Native American attacked.", "Source": "NYEP, June 28, 1834", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National; Racial", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Railroad Worker", "Target Classification": "German; Native", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": 2, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.88685, 39.109037 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1117, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/07", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "July: Black eel-skinner beaten because he did his job cheaper than his fellow workers.", "Source": "Grinsted.Antebellum Labor, p.11", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; White", "Target Classification": "Worker; Black", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1125, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/07", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "July: Seamen and boardinghouse keepers had agreed that no sailors should ship out across the Atlantic for less than $15 a month. Aat No.15 Burling slip a crew had signed on for $13 a month aboard the packet John Jay. A group of sailors threatened to strip the ship, if its papers were not surrendered. The captain said the papers were at the shipping office. Before the sailors could get there, police intervened and arrested 6 o 7.", "Source": "Common Advertiser, July 23, 1834", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Sailor", "Target Classification": "Sailor; Captain; Officer", "Actions": "Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1135, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/08", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Columbia", "Location": "Columbia, Pa", "Lat": 40.033791, "Long": -76.499668, "Description": "August: Race riot concerning job competition, amalgamation fears and desire to drive black residents out of community. Windows broken by roving gangs of whites followed by attacks on black homes. Labor competition a big issue here. African Americans beaten in off-again on-again violence.", "Source": "Werner, p.198-202, 273", "Type": "Racial; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "White", "Target Classification": "Black", "Actions": "Property Destroyed; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Medium", "Riot Scope": "National", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.499668, 40.033791 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1137, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/08", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "August: Sailors' strike in opposition to a reduction in wages.", "Source": "Commons J, p.478", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Sailor", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1144, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/09", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "September: Carpet weavers strike in opposition to a reduction in wages.", "Source": "Commons I, p.479; National Traders' Union, September 6, 1834", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Weaver", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1152, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/10", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "October: Locksmith strike opposing a reduction in wages.", "Source": "Commons I, p.479", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Locksmith", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1154, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/10", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "October: Several hundred stonecutters march up Broadway attacking buildings erected by Mr. Bloomer because of his use of prison stone. They smashed windows and doors and battered marble pillars. A \"strong posse\" of watchmen prevented more serious damage.", "Source": "Weinbaum.M+D, p.63-64", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Stone Worker", "Target Classification": "Merchant", "Actions": "Threat; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Bloomer", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1158, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/11", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Maryland", "Location": "Maryland", "Lat": 39.336873, "Long": -77.073283, "Description": "November: Baltimore and Ohio railroad workers - mainly Catholic Irish - riot. Troops called in from Washington DC. Grimsted says this riot included battle between Protestants and Catholics.Scharf says attack focused on contractor. Indeed, contractor's house attacked and he was beaten. Next day superintendent John Watson and two others killed. 300 Irish laborers arrested.", "Source": "Billington, p.197", "Type": "Labor; Religious; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Contractor", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "3", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "National", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "John Watson", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.073283, 39.336873 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1160, "year": 1834, "date": "1834\/12", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "December: Hatters strike against reduction in wages.", "Source": "Commons I, p.479", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Hatter", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1161, "year": 1835, "date": "1835\/12", "State": "District of Columbia", "Sublocation": "Washington", "Location": "Washington DC", "Lat": 38.882651, "Long": -77.013549, "Description": "August: Dr. Reuben Crandall was to give lectures at Georgetown Univ., brought some antislavery publications with him. He lft some in a store. A large mob formed to injure him. He was protected by being arrested. Also strike and Snow and race riot.", "Source": "Eaton. \"Mob Violence,\" p.359", "Type": "Racial; Slavery; Anti-Abolitionist; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "White; Worker; Mechanic", "Target Classification": "Black; Merchant; Abolitionist; Anti-Slavery; Employer; Slaveholder", "Actions": "Strike; Property Destroyed; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "National", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Beverly Snow; Reuban Crandall", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.013549, 38.882651 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1170, "year": 1835, "date": "1835\/02", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": null, "Location": "Maryland", "Lat": 39.336873, "Long": -77.073283, "Description": "February: Canal workers on Ohio canal strike put down by militia.", "Source": "Morris AJ Strikebreaker AHR 1949", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.073283, 39.336873 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1173, "year": 1835, "date": "1835\/03", "State": "District of Columbia", "Sublocation": "Washington", "Location": "Washington, DC", "Lat": 38.882651, "Long": -77.013549, "Description": "March: Labor disturbance along railroad.", "Source": "Weinbaum, p.55", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Unknown", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.013549, 38.882651 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1177, "year": 1835, "date": "1835\/05", "State": "District of Columbia", "Sublocation": "Washington", "Location": "Washington DC", "Lat": 38.882651, "Long": -77.013549, "Description": "May: Several street battles between striking printers from Green's shop - \"terriers\" and scabs or \"rats.\" Boarding houses containing scabs harrassed and threats of tearing down the Telegraph's office. Two men subsequently convicted of assault. 4 of riot. As many as 40 may have rioted.", "Source": "Pretzer. \"The British Duff Green…\"", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Printer", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Strikebreaker; Printer", "Actions": "Threat; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Medium", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Duff Green", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.013549, 38.882651 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1179, "year": 1835, "date": "1835\/06", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "June: Workers use violence during strike. Coal heavers involved. Possibly no violence, but intimidation for sure.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"A C,\" p.11", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1199, "year": 1835, "date": "1835\/07", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "Albany", "Location": "Albany", "Lat": 42.65391, "Long": -73.76428, "Description": "July: Irish laborers rioted.", "Source": "Werner. \"Race Riots,\" p.27", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Religious; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Laborer", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -73.76428, 42.65391 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1200, "year": 1835, "date": "1835\/07", "State": "Massachusetts", "Sublocation": "Boston", "Location": "Boston", "Lat": 42.350273, "Long": -71.060098, "Description": "July: Irish laborers rioted.", "Source": "Werner. \"Race Riots,\" p.27", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Religious; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Laborer", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -71.060098, 42.350273 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1215, "year": 1838, "date": "1838\/03", "State": "Illinois", "Sublocation": "Michigan Canal", "Location": "Illinois, Michigan Canal", "Lat": 41.758005, "Long": -87.852353, "Description": "March: Dispute over firing workers leads to riot. Militia ordered in. Ten killed.", "Source": "Way.Common Labour, p.290", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Military; Miltia", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "10", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -87.852353, 41.758005 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1220, "year": 1838, "date": null, "State": "Ohio", "Sublocation": "Ohio", "Location": "Ohio", "Lat": 41.22709, "Long": -84.63925, "Description": "Canal workers on the Wabash and Erie at Hyunter's Falls burnt a shanty and stable belonging to their employers and then clashed with the law.", "Source": "Way.Common Labour, p.169", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Canal Worker; Worker; Laborer; Catholic", "Target Classification": "Employer; Law Officer; Legal", "Actions": "Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -84.63925, 41.22709 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1223, "year": 1838, "date": "1838\/01", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Maryland", "Location": "Maryland", "Lat": 39.64137, "Long": -77.72366, "Description": "January: Canalworkers fight off English workers and scuffle with militia.", "Source": "Way.Common Labour, p.219, 290", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Canal Worker; Worker", "Target Classification": "English; Miltia", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.72366, 39.64137 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1224, "year": 1838, "date": "1838\/05", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Maryland", "Location": "Maryland", "Lat": 39.64137, "Long": -77.72366, "Description": "May: Militia and Irish workers scuffle again as Irish workers threaten to blow up the canal because of non-payment.", "Source": "Way.Common Labour, p.290", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National; Religious", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Canal Worker; Worker; Laborer; Catholic", "Target Classification": "Employer; Miltia", "Actions": "Threat; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.72366, 39.64137 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1225, "year": 1838, "date": "1838\/05", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Hagerstown", "Location": "Hagerstown, MD", "Lat": 39.64137, "Long": -77.72366, "Description": "May: Ethnic labor riot. No Irish involved.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.9, 21", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Canal Worker; Worker", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.72366, 39.64137 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1226, "year": 1838, "date": "1838\/05", "State": "Illinois", "Sublocation": "Illinois and Michigan Canal", "Location": "Illinois and Michigan Canal", "Lat": 41.43133, "Long": -88.21143, "Description": "May: Faction fight between canal workers. Militia ordered in.", "Source": "Way.Common Labour, p.290", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Canal Worker; Worker", "Target Classification": "Canal Worker; Worker", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -88.21143, 41.43133 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1241, "year": 1839, "date": "1839\/08", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Little Orleans", "Location": "Little Orleans, Md", "Lat": 39.628037, "Long": -78.388116, "Description": "August: Irish workers fight with Germans. This involves canal workers. One dead. Militia ordered in, arrests and imprisonments.", "Source": "Way,Common Labour, p.193,223-224", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; German; Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Irish; German; Worker; Canal Worker", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -78.388116, 39.628037 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1250, "year": 1839, "date": null, "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Maryland", "Location": "Maryland", "Lat": 39.336873, "Long": -77.073283, "Description": "Fall: Chesapeake and Ohio canal worker fight. Irish and Germans against each other. Troops called in and 10 rioters shot before disturbance quelled.", "Source": "Billington, p.197", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Canal Worker; Worker; Irish; German", "Target Classification": "Canal Worker; Worker; Irish; German", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.073283, 39.336873 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1273, "year": 1840, "date": "1840\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: Several violent strikes. Troops called in to protect workers. Especially among workers on Croton aquaduct.", "Source": "Headly, p.310", "Type": "Labor; Strike", "Rioter Classification": "Laborer; Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Military; Soldier; Employer", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1275, "year": 1840, "date": "1840\/05", "State": "Massachusetts", "Sublocation": "Rowley", "Location": "Rowley, MA", "Lat": 42.71237, "Long": -70.88461, "Description": "May: Irish RR workers went on strike when two workers had wages docked. Workers went to town and brawled with townspeople.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.10", "Type": "Labor; Strike", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Irish; Striker; Laborer; Railroad Worker", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -70.88461, 42.71237 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1279, "year": 1840, "date": "1840\/08", "State": "Illinois", "Sublocation": "Lockport", "Location": "Lockport, Illinois", "Lat": 41.58877, "Long": -88.06573, "Description": "August: Canal office destroyed by strikers. Offense or slight to workers triggers action.", "Source": "Way.Common Labour, p.291; Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.20,22,23", "Type": "Labor; Strike", "Rioter Classification": "Canal Worker; Worker; Laborer; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Property Destroyed; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -88.06573, 41.58877 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1280, "year": 1840, "date": "1840\/09", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "September: Brick factory partly destroyed by fire by strikers. Strikers objected to introduction of machinery.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.11,24", "Type": "Labor; Strike", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Laborer; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Property Destroyed; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1287, "year": 1841, "date": "1841\/07", "State": "Louisiana", "Sublocation": "Carrollton", "Location": "Carrollton, Louisiana", "Lat": 29.944425, "Long": -90.08651, "Description": "July: Mostly German ropewalk workers beat manager to death and severely injured two others while they investigated charges that the workers had treated brtually a crippled worker.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Workers,\" p.10,11,23,24", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Ropewalk Worker; German", "Target Classification": "Manager", "Actions": "Lethal Violence; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": 2, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -90.08651, 29.944425 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1322, "year": 1842, "date": "1842\/07", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Minersville", "Location": "Minersville, PA", "Lat": 40.69005, "Long": -76.25998, "Description": "July: Miners marched along the Norwegian RR with clubs and other weapons, compelling workers along the line to quit work. The strikers were largely Irish. That night 150 soldiers arrived, but things had quited down by then.", "Source": "Aurand.From MM, p.68; Palladino.Another Civil War, p.49", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Labor; Religious", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Miner; Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Worker", "Actions": "Strike; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.25998, 40.69005 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1323, "year": 1842, "date": "1842\/07", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Wadesville", "Location": "Wadesville, PA", "Lat": 40.71609, "Long": -76.20651, "Description": "July: Striking miners compelled others to join them. Sheriff intervened and arrested a few ringleaders.", "Source": "Palladino.Another Civil War, p.50", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker; Miner", "Target Classification": "Worker", "Actions": "Strike; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.20651, 40.71609 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1324, "year": 1842, "date": "1842\/07", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Wadesville", "Location": "Wadesville, PA", "Lat": 40.71609, "Long": -76.20651, "Description": "July: Striking miners threw stones at houses of strikebreakers. A foreman broke up the crowd by firing a few shots.", "Source": "Palladino.Another Civil War, p.50", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker; Miner", "Target Classification": "Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.20651, 40.71609 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1325, "year": 1842, "date": "1842\/08", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "August: Irish RR workers who had wages docked retaliated by burning a bridge.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"AL,\" p.10,11,22,23", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Labor; Religious", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Railroad Worker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1327, "year": 1842, "date": "1842\/09", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "September-October: Often violent weavers' strike, strikers attacked and manhandled a posse and sheriff. They also cut webs out of looms, etc. Several incidents occurred.", "Source": "Feldberg.Philadelphia Riots, p.4; Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.10,23", "Type": "Labor; Law", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Weaver; Striker", "Target Classification": "Legal; Law Officer; Sheriff; Employer", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1328, "year": 1842, "date": "1842\/11", "State": "Louisiana", "Sublocation": "New Orleans", "Location": "New Orleans", "Lat": 29.944425, "Long": -90.08651, "Description": "November: Workers use col. Violence in reaction to scabs.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.11", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -90.08651, 29.944425 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1336, "year": 1843, "date": "1843\/01", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "January: Kensington Weaver's strike. Strikers entered houses on non-strikers, cut (??), destroyed looms and stuff being manufactured. They beat some non-strikers. Afterward they occupied the Nanny Goat Market from which they beat back the sheriff and a posse.The next day they paraded through the streets, beat one obnoxious to them and prepared to defend Nanny Goat Market again. But news that the militia was called up dispersed them.", "Source": "Scharf and Wescott, p.661", "Type": "Labor; Law", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Weaver; Striker", "Target Classification": "Legal; Law Officer; Sheriff; Worker; Strikebreaker; Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Threat; Non-Lethal Violence; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1340, "year": 1843, "date": "1843\/05", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "May: Strikers cut cloth and looms.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.10,22", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker; Weaver", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Property Destroyed; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1375, "year": 1844, "date": "1844\/09", "State": "Conneticut", "Sublocation": "Connecticut", "Location": "Connecticut", "Lat": 41.59782, "Long": -72.62739, "Description": "September: Foreign workmen riot.", "Source": "Billington, p.197", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -72.62739, 41.59782 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1408, "year": 1846, "date": "1846\/02", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Pittsburgh", "Location": "Pittsburgh, PA", "Lat": 40.441248, "Long": -80.003385, "Description": "February: Strikers briefly took over an iron mill. Some strikers arrested and convicted but either pardoned or let go. Women participated and four women convicted along with two men. Issue concerned wages.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.10,11,22", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Woman; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Occupied Space", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -80.003385, 40.441248 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1409, "year": 1846, "date": "1846\/03", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "March: Workers use col. Violence during strike.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.11,23", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1410, "year": 1846, "date": "1846\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: Irish workers fight with Germans.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.9,21", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; German; Worker", "Target Classification": "Irish; German; Worker", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1412, "year": 1846, "date": "1846\/05", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "Brooklyn", "Location": "Brooklyn, NY", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "May: Unskilled Irish laborers demand raise from 65 cents a day to 87.5 with longer daylight hours. Employers ordered the strikers out of their shanties - built on nearby land - and replaced the strikers with newly arrived German workers. The Irish refused to go, attacked the Germans and would have driven them off had the militia not been called out.", "Source": "McMaster, VIII, p.99", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "German; Worker; Strikebreaker; Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1413, "year": 1846, "date": "1846\/07", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Philadelphia", "Location": "Philadelphia", "Lat": 39.90153, "Long": -75.176711, "Description": "July: Workers on strike use collective violence in reaction to scabs.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.11, 25", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.176711, 39.90153 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1423, "year": 1847, "date": null, "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "Port Jervis", "Location": "Port Jervis, NY", "Lat": 41.37461, "Long": -74.69248, "Description": "Battle between Fardowners and Corkonian RR workers about having one group discharged. Other battles occurred.", "Source": "Wittler.Irish in America, p.38", "Type": "Labor; Gang", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Gang; Fardowner; Corkonian; Worker; Railroad Worker", "Target Classification": "Irish; Gang; Fardowner; Corkonian; Worker; Railroad Worker", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": "PTH Edits", "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.69248, 41.37461 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1425, "year": 1847, "date": "1847\/02", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "Port Jervis", "Location": "Port Jervis, NY", "Lat": 41.37461, "Long": -74.69248, "Description": "February: Irish workers fight with Germans.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.9, 21", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Irish; German", "Target Classification": "Worker; Irish; German", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.69248, 41.37461 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1436, "year": 1848, "date": null, "State": "Massachusetts", "Sublocation": "Northampton", "Location": "Northampton, MA", "Lat": 42.31714, "Long": -72.6342, "Description": "Irish workers on the railroad struck for better pay. They assaulted a sheriff trying to disperse them and dragged him off his horse.", "Source": "Clark.Roots of Rural Capitals, p.259", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Labor; Religious; Law", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Railroad Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Legal; Law Officer; Sheriff", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -72.6342, 42.31714 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1440, "year": 1848, "date": "1848\/01", "State": "Massachusetts", "Sublocation": "Springfield", "Location": "Springfield, MA", "Lat": 42.100341, "Long": -72.590565, "Description": "January: Striking workers use collective violence on scabs.", "Source": "Grimsted, p.11,23", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Strikebreaker; Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -72.590565, 42.100341 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1441, "year": 1848, "date": "1848\/04", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Baltimore", "Location": "Baltimore", "Lat": 39.293324, "Long": -76.615924, "Description": "April: Striking workers at Brick factory riot over introduction of machinery.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.11, 24", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.615924, 39.293324 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1445, "year": 1848, "date": "1848\/07", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Allegheny City, PA", "Location": "Allegheny City, PA", "Lat": 40.44685, "Long": -80.01691, "Description": "July: Strikers broke some machinery in a cotton mill when some of their coworkers went back to work. Hours one of the key issues in strike. Women participate. Hours also an issue. Riot began in earnest after owner opened steam valve on strikers.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.10,22; Adamic.Dynamite, p.6-7", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Woman; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -80.01691, 40.44685 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1446, "year": 1848, "date": "1848\/08", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Allegheny City, PA", "Location": "Allegheny City, PA", "Lat": 40.44685, "Long": -80.01691, "Description": "August: Mob pelted owner of Gray's Allegheny Mill on his way to work during cotton mill strikes.", "Source": "Calvert. \"Allegheny…,\" p.116-117", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -80.01691, 40.44685 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1448, "year": 1848, "date": "1848\/09", "State": "Ohio", "Sublocation": "Cincinnati", "Location": "Cincinnati", "Lat": 39.105032, "Long": -84.517971, "Description": "September: Angry native tailors attacked a German tailor working at lower prices, cutting his hair and may have tarred and feathered him in his shop in the German Over-The-Rhine area.", "Source": "Ross.Workers…, p.184", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Tailor; Nativist; American", "Target Classification": "Worker; Tailor; German", "Actions": "Seized Person(s); Humiliation", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -84.517971, 39.105032 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1462, "year": 1849, "date": "1849\/01", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "Buffalo", "Location": "Buffalo, NY", "Lat": 42.880973, "Long": -78.845114, "Description": "January: Riot with Welland Canal workers.", "Source": "Way.Common Labor, p.299", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -78.845114, 42.880973 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1463, "year": 1849, "date": "1849\/01", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "Buffalo", "Location": "Buffalo, NY", "Lat": 42.880973, "Long": -78.845114, "Description": "January: Workers use violence during strike over wages.", "Source": "Grimsted, p.11, 23", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Striker; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -78.845114, 42.880973 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1477, "year": 1849, "date": "1849\/09", "State": "Massachusetts", "Sublocation": "Lowell", "Location": "Lowell, MA", "Lat": 42.650502, "Long": -71.318531, "Description": "September: Irish riot between the Acrew Corkonians and the Lowell Street Connaught Men over unspecified old national prejudices. The riot ocurred at the tail end of a cholera epidemic during the famine migration. Began with sporadic fights. On the 9th hundreds fought on either side of the Western Canal which had historically separated the Paddy camps. Women supplied bricks and stones. Mayor called guard to quell. Mill owners fired all involved. Rum was blamed.", "Source": "Mitchell.The Paddy Camps, p.109-110", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Woman", "Target Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Woman", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Large", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -71.318531, 42.650502 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1482, "year": 1849, "date": null, "State": "New Jersey", "Sublocation": "High Falls", "Location": "High Falls, NJ", "Lat": 40.90163, "Long": -74.16482, "Description": "Winter: Factions fights among Delaware and Hudson Canal workers. Arrests made.", "Source": "Way.Common Labour, p.294", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Canal Worker", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.16482, 40.90163 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1484, "year": 1850, "date": "1850\/08", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York City", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "August: Striking tailors ransack a store that made non-union clothing. Police intervened and a general battle ensued. Two strikers fatally wounded, others seriously injured. 32 German tailors arrested and ultimately plead guilty to A+B. Fines levied ranging from $5 to $50.", "Source": "Degler. \"Labor,\" p.81", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Labor; Law", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Tailor; Union; German", "Target Classification": "Worker; Tailor; Non-Union; Strikebreaker; Legal; Law Officer", "Actions": "Lethal Violence; Non-Lethal Violence; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": "2", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Local", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1498, "year": 1850, "date": "1850\/03", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Pittsburgh", "Location": "Pittsburgh", "Lat": 40.441248, "Long": -80.003385, "Description": "March: Women, about 60-100 drove strikebreakers from a rolling mill and destroyed the day's work. A mixed crowd did the same with more force, beating several, the next day at another factory.", "Source": "Linaberg. \"Rolling Mill…,\" WPHM (196$)", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Striker; Worker; Woman", "Target Classification": "Worker; Strikebreaker; Employer", "Actions": "Property Destroyed; Non-Lethal Violence; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -80.003385, 40.441248 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1505, "year": 1850, "date": "1850\/07", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Pittsburgh", "Location": "Pittsburgh", "Lat": 40.441248, "Long": -80.003385, "Description": "July: Fracas between female workers at the Eagle and Hope cotton mills.", "Source": "Calvert. \"Allegheny…,\" p.131-132", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Woman", "Target Classification": "Worker; Woman", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -80.003385, 40.441248 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1506, "year": 1850, "date": "1850\/07", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "New York", "Location": "New York", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "July: Tailors' strike for 50% wage increase. English, Irish and Scottish tailors participate; Germans did not. The result was several attacks in the streets on German men and women and their work taken from them. 40 strikers arrested and German joined the strike. Dagler portrays the riot a little differently. Strikers included Germans who fought with workers at Longstreet tailor shop. Clubs, sticks, and fists used. When arrests were made, strikers attacked police, who with reinforcements, beat them off.", "Source": "McMaster. VIII, p.101-105; Dagler. \"Labor,\" p.80-81", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National; Law", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Tailor; Irish; English; Scottish; Striker", "Target Classification": "German; Strikebreaker; Worker; Tailor; Woman; Legal; Law Officer; Employer", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Threat; Seized Property; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1507, "year": 1850, "date": "1850\/07", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "July: Striking tailors attack tailors for working less than the demanded scale.", "Source": "Degler. \"Labor,\" p.81", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Tailor; Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Tailor; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1508, "year": 1850, "date": "1850\/07", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "July: Striking tailors attack priest and a church because the priest distributed work to his tailor parishoners.", "Source": "Degler. \"Labor,\" p.81; Cook. \"Armies,\" p.21", "Type": "Labor; Religious", "Rioter Classification": "Tailor; Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Worker; Tailor; Strikebreaker; Religious; Catholic; Church; Priest", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Threat; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1515, "year": 1850, "date": "1850\/12", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "December: Women clothing workers, probably German, physically assault another group of workers for havingtaken over their jobs. This occurred at 34th street near 11th avenue. Strike caused by cut in wages.", "Source": "Degler. \"Labor,\" p.81, 115-116", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "German; Woman; Worker; Tailor; Striker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Tailor; Strikebreaker; Employer", "Actions": "Striker; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1530, "year": 1851, "date": "1851\/01", "State": "Virginia", "Sublocation": "Culpepper County", "Location": "Culpepper County, VA", "Lat": 38.47631, "Long": -77.99381, "Description": "January: At Hazel River Works a riot between white and black workers left one black person (?). The whites later fought among themselves.", "Source": "Wesley.Negro Labor, p.79", "Type": "Racial; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "White; Worker", "Target Classification": "White; Black; Worker", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -77.99381, 38.47631 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1537, "year": 1851, "date": "1851\/07", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "July: Striking cartmen attack other cartmen who insisted on working.", "Source": "Degler. \"Labor,\" p.82; Tribune, July 21, 1851", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Cartman", "Target Classification": "Worker; Cartman", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1576, "year": 1852, "date": "1852\/07", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "July: A group of building workers attacked some laborers who agreed to work at low wages.", "Source": "Degler. \"Labor,\" p.82; Tribune, July 28, 1852", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Worker", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1577, "year": 1852, "date": "1852\/10", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "October: During longshoreman strike, strikers threatened and assaulted those who worked. German and black workers used as strikebreakers and had to be escorted to their homes by police. Most strikers were Irish.", "Source": "Degler. \"Labor,\" p.82, 130; Times, October 23, 1852", "Type": "Racial; Ethnic\/National; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Black; German; Worker; Strikebreaker; Employer", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Threat; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1582, "year": 1853, "date": "1853\/12", "State": "Illinois", "Sublocation": "Lasalle", "Location": "Lasalle, Illinois", "Lat": 41.330127, "Long": -89.09299, "Description": "December: Irish canal workers, angered by a 20% cut in pay, attacked the contractor's house and beat him to a pulp. Before order could be restored, authorities killed one rioter.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Workers,\" p.10,11,23,24;NY Tribune, December 15, 1852", "Type": "Labor; Religious; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "Contractor", "Actions": "Lethal Violence; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": 1, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -89.09299, 41.330127 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1591, "year": 1853, "date": "1853\/02", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Baltimore", "Location": "Baltimore", "Lat": 39.293324, "Long": -76.615924, "Description": "February: Iron workers on strike at Winan's Iron Works attack strikebreakers.", "Source": "Baker. Ambivalent America, p.16; Baltimore Clipper, February 2, 1853", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Ironworker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Strikebreaker; Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.615924, 39.293324 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1596, "year": 1853, "date": "1853\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: During a strike called by the Laborers' Protective Association, strikers beat some building employees who continued to work. The police intervened and arrested two strikers.", "Source": "Degler. \"Labor,\" p.82; Herald, April 21, 1853", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Laborer; Striker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Laborer; Strikebreaker; Employer", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1601, "year": 1853, "date": "1853\/07", "State": "Wisconsin", "Sublocation": "Milwaukee", "Location": "Milwaukee", "Lat": 43.03558, "Long": -87.9157, "Description": "July: Strikers riot over cut in pay. German workers involved. Also contractor took pay or savings.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.10, 32", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker; German", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -87.9157, 43.03558 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1604, "year": 1853, "date": "1853\/08", "State": "Illinois", "Sublocation": "Illinoistown", "Location": "Illinoistown, Ill", "Lat": 38.62657, "Long": -90.15161, "Description": "August: Ethnic labor riot. No Irish involved.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.21", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Unknown", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -90.15161, 38.62657 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1610, "year": 1853, "date": "1853\/12", "State": "Ohio", "Sublocation": "Cincinnati", "Location": "Cincinnati", "Lat": 39.105032, "Long": -84.517971, "Description": "December: Printers throw out some of the type of the Cincinnati Gazette when it failed to meet workers' demands, unlike other city papers.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.11", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker", "Target Classification": "Press", "Actions": "Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -84.517971, 39.105032 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1690, "year": 1855, "date": "1855\/01", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "January: Longshoreman's strike. An Irishman attacked a black man who wanted to work. Most African Americans had been intimidated off of the docks by the Irish Longshoreman's society. Armed, the black men fired at the Irishmen. Hundreds of other strikers immediately appeared. But the black man managed to escape.", "Source": "Bernstein, p.119-210", "Type": "Labor; Racial", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Black; Worker; Longshoreman; Striker; Strikebreaker", "Target Classification": "Irish; Black; Worker; Longshoreman; Striker; Strikebreaker; Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Lethal Violence; Threat; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1827, "year": 1857, "date": "1857\/05", "State": "Maryland", "Sublocation": "Baltimore", "Location": "Baltimore", "Lat": 39.293324, "Long": -76.615924, "Description": "May: Striking RR workers use violence to prevent trains from running. On the 1st they ambushed a train leaving Baltimore at a deep cuty at Jackson's bridge. Shots were exchanged with police. One train got through, three others did not. A similar confrontation occurred Sunday. Several strikers wounded both days, and on the 2nd one was killed. The rioters also spiked tracks. After 3rd some settlement was reached. Slight to workers.", "Source": "Scharf.Chronicles, p.555-557", "Type": "Labor; Law", "Rioter Classification": "Striker; Worker; Railroad Worker", "Target Classification": "Railroad", "Actions": "Lethal Violence; Property Destroyed; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.615924, 39.293324 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1833, "year": 1857, "date": "1857\/06", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "June: Battle between municipal police and metropolitan police outside City Hall that was quelled only with the arrival of 7th regiment.", "Source": "Limpus. History, p.217", "Type": "Law; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Legal; Law Officer", "Target Classification": "Legal; Law Officer", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1868, "year": 1858, "date": "1858\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: Workers strike at water works. Refuse to let others work. Irish-Americans split. Sheriff assaulted.", "Source": "Headley, p.311", "Type": "Ethnic\/National; Religious; Labor; Law", "Rioter Classification": "American; Protestant; Irish; Catholic; Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "American; Protestant; Irish; Catholic; Worker; Legal; Law Officer; Sheriff; Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1892, "year": 1858, "date": "1858\/09", "State": "Ohio", "Sublocation": "Cincinatti", "Location": "Cincinnati", "Lat": 39.105032, "Long": -84.517971, "Description": "September: Irish and German laborers fight near the Miami Canal when Germans agreed to work less wages than the Irish, thus threatening Irish jobs.", "Source": "Ross.Workers…, p.104", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Worker; Canal Worker", "Target Classification": "German; Worker; Canal Worker", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -84.517971, 39.105032 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1934, "year": 1859, "date": "1859\/09", "State": "New Jersey", "Sublocation": "Hudson", "Location": "Hudson, NJ", "Lat": 40.72174, "Long": -74.04781, "Description": "September: Striking riot over cut in wages. Also contractor stole or took savings and wages.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.10, N.32", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer; Contractor", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.04781, 40.72174 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 1957, "year": 1860, "date": "1860\/02", "State": "Massachusetts", "Sublocation": "Lynn", "Location": "Lynn, MA", "Lat": 42.46498, "Long": -70.95061, "Description": "February: Minor acts of violence during strike after outside authorities called in to put strike down.", "Source": "Grimsted. \"Antebellum Labor,\" p.11", "Type": "Labor; Law", "Rioter Classification": "Striker; Worker", "Target Classification": "Legal; Employer", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -70.95061, 42.46498 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2033, "year": 1861, "date": "1861\/06", "State": "Ohio", "Sublocation": "Cincinatti", "Location": "Cincinnati", "Lat": 39.105032, "Long": -84.517971, "Description": "June: Brawl between Irish and black stevedores, supposedly over the favors of an Irish girl lasted two days in Buckton. Mayor called out storer guards to quell it.", "Source": "Harding. \"Cincinnati Riots,\" 230 N.5", "Type": "Racial; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Black; Worker; Stevedore", "Target Classification": "Irish; Black; Worker; Stevedore", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -84.517971, 39.105032 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2057, "year": 1862, "date": "1862\/05", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Cass", "Location": "Cass, PA", "Lat": 40.69242, "Long": -76.26019, "Description": "May: Strikers at the Hecksherville Colliery stopped the pumps that kept the mines free of water. In the Swatara district miners marched to neighboring mines and stopped the engines drawing the coal. The sheriff and a small force failed to disperse the crowd and the governor ordered a battalion to the area. Before it arrived the strike was settled.", "Source": "Palladino.Another Civil War, p.125", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Striker", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Threat", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": "PTH Edits", "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.26019, 40.69242 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2064, "year": 1862, "date": "1862\/07", "State": "Ohio", "Sublocation": "Toledo", "Location": "Toledo, Ohio", "Lat": 41.64844, "Long": -83.54146, "Description": "July: Employees of grain and produce firms rioted over the use of black workers.", "Source": "Gray.Hidden Civil War, p.99-100", "Type": "Racial; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "White; Worker", "Target Classification": "Black; Worker; Employer", "Actions": "Unknown", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -83.54146, 41.64844 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2065, "year": 1862, "date": "1862\/07", "State": "Ohio", "Sublocation": "Cincinatti", "Location": "Cincinnati", "Lat": 39.105032, "Long": -84.517971, "Description": "July: Rioting between white and black boatmen triggered by competition over jobs and wages. Irish coworkers attacked black people, their homes (setting some on fire) and beat African Americans. Some African Americans retaliated by attacking and burning Irish houses.", "Source": "Lofton. \"Northern Labor,\" J. of N. His. 34 (1949) 257", "Type": "Racial; Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "White; Black; Worker; Irish; Boatman", "Target Classification": "White; Black; Worker; Irish; Boatman", "Actions": "Property Destroyed; Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -84.517971, 39.105032 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2067, "year": 1862, "date": "1862\/07", "State": "Ohio", "Sublocation": "Cincinatti", "Location": "Cincinnati", "Lat": 39.105032, "Long": -84.517971, "Description": "July: Irish dock workers angered by black workers working for less, rioted for two days, including attacks on black homes.", "Source": "Ross.Workers, p.195", "Type": "Racial; Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "White; Worker; Irish", "Target Classification": "Black; Worker", "Actions": "Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -84.517971, 39.105032 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2071, "year": 1862, "date": "1862\/08", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "Brooklyn", "Location": "Brooklyn", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "August: White workers attack black employees at a tobacco factory and attempt to burn the building. Black people were women and children.", "Source": "Lofton. \"Northern Labor,\" J. of N. His. 34 (1949) 261; NY Tribune, August 6, 1862", "Type": "Racial; Labor", "Rioter Classification": "White; Worker", "Target Classification": "Black; Worker; Woman; Youth", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2072, "year": 1862, "date": "1862\/08", "State": "Ohio", "Sublocation": "Cincinatti", "Location": "Cincinnati", "Lat": 39.105032, "Long": -84.517971, "Description": "August: Irish dock workers attack black dock workers.", "Source": "Lofton. \"Northern Labor,\" J. of N. His. 34 (1949) 260-261", "Type": "Racial; Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "White; Worker; Irish; Dock Worker", "Target Classification": "Black; Worker; Dock Worker", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -84.517971, 39.105032 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2089, "year": 1862, "date": "1862\/12", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Forestville", "Location": "Forestville, PA", "Lat": 40.69233, "Long": -76.3003, "Description": "December: 200 Molly Maguires attack collieries of William Goyne, stopping production and beat at least 15 men. They also closed the colliery store.", "Source": "Deevees.MM, p.51-52", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National; Religious", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Miner; Worker; Gang; Molly Maguire", "Target Classification": "Employer; Merchant", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": 15, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Regional", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "William Goyne", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.3003, 40.69233 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2105, "year": 1863, "date": "1863\/11", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Audenreid", "Location": "Audenreid, PA", "Lat": 40.913126, "Long": -75.992349, "Description": "November: Mob of miners broke into the home of George K. Smith and killed him. Smith, a mine operator, had apparently given a list of employees to a draft officer.", "Source": "Aurand, p.98", "Type": "Labor; Draft; Anti-Draft; Military; Political; War", "Rioter Classification": "Anti-Draft; Worker; Miner", "Target Classification": "Mine Operator; Employer", "Actions": "Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": "1", "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "National", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "George K. Smith", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -75.992349, 40.913126 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2118, "year": 1863, "date": "1863\/01", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Cass Township", "Location": "Cass Township, PA", "Lat": 40.69242, "Long": -76.26019, "Description": "January: 40 Molly Maguires attacked the house of John McDonald breaking his windows and doors and threatening to kill him. He escaped.", "Source": "Dewees.MM, p.52", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Worker; Molly Maguire; Gang; Irish; Catholic", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Threat; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Regional", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "John McDonald", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.26019, 40.69242 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2130, "year": 1863, "date": "1863\/04", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "April: Irish longshoremen strike. For three days strikers beat up blacks along the cosk in an effort to enforce an \"all-white\" rule and enforce standard wage. Metropolitan police also fought with strikers and when they attempted to protect black people.", "Source": "Bernstein, p.119-120", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National; Racial", "Rioter Classification": "White; Worker; Irish; Longshoreman; Striker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Black; Longshoreman; Legal; Law Officer; Employer", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2133, "year": 1863, "date": "1863\/06", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "NYC", "Location": "NYC", "Lat": 40.720368, "Long": -74.001098, "Description": "June: Continuation of longshoremen's strike turns violent. Irish strikers drive black workers and others willing to work from the piers.", "Source": "Bernstein, p.119-120", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National; Racial", "Rioter Classification": "White; Worker; Irish; Longshoreman; Striker", "Target Classification": "Worker; Black; Longshoreman; Employer", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -74.001098, 40.720368 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2146, "year": 1863, "date": "1863\/07", "State": "New York", "Sublocation": "Buffalo", "Location": "Buffalo, NY", "Lat": 42.880973, "Long": -78.845114, "Description": "July: Irish stevedores attack black stevedores for supposedly taking white jobs. Shots exchanged, some black and white people wounded. Whites attacked black neighborhood called \"Dug's Dive\"", "Source": "Lofton. \"Northern Labor,\" J. of N. Hist., 34 (1949) 262", "Type": "Racial; Labor; Ethnic\/National", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Worker; Stevedore", "Target Classification": "Black; Worker; Stevedore", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -78.845114, 42.880973 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2178, "year": 1864, "date": "1864\/01", "State": "Pennsylvania", "Sublocation": "Minersville", "Location": "Minersville, PA", "Lat": 40.69212, "Long": -76.26165, "Description": "January: A crowd of Molly Maguires armed with clubs attacked Thomas Trear and Mr. Benseman.", "Source": "Dewees.MM, p.52", "Type": "Labor; Ethnic\/National; Religious", "Rioter Classification": "Irish; Catholic; Gang; Molly Maguire; Worker", "Target Classification": "Unknown", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Regional", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": "Thomas Trear; Benseman", "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -76.26165, 40.69212 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2195, "year": 1865, "date": "1865\/07", "State": "Michigan", "Sublocation": "Hancock and Houghton, Michigan", "Location": "Hancock and Houghton, Michigan", "Lat": 47.12134, "Long": -88.57485, "Description": "July: Upper Peninsular copper miners riot and strike. Military intimidates them back to work.", "Source": "Rodgers. \"Deliverance,\" MH, p.16-21", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Striker; Worker; Miner", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -88.57485, 47.12134 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2196, "year": 1865, "date": "1865\/07", "State": "Michigan", "Sublocation": "Marquette", "Location": "Marquette, Michigan", "Lat": 46.55455, "Long": -87.40443, "Description": "July: Upper Peninsular iron miners strike over wage cut and riot, destroying property. Military brought in two times to intimidate the miners back to work.", "Source": "Rodgers. \"Deliverance,\" MH, p.16-21", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "Striker; Worker; Miner", "Target Classification": "Employer", "Actions": "Strike; Property Destroyed", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -87.40443, 46.55455 ] } },
{ "type": "Feature", "properties": { "ID": 2208, "year": 1865, "date": "1865\/12", "State": "Louisiana", "Sublocation": "New Orleans", "Location": "New Orleans, LA", "Lat": 29.944425, "Long": -90.08651, "Description": "December: Black and white longshoremen strike for higher wages. They marched along the levee in a procession and beat up some men still working. The police then interceded, breaking up the strikers.", "Source": "Somers. \"Black and White,\" p.30", "Type": "Labor", "Rioter Classification": "White; Black; Worker; Striker; Longshoreman", "Target Classification": "Worker; Strikebreaker", "Actions": "Non-Lethal Violence; Strike", "Recorded # Killed": null, "Recorded # Injured": null, "Riot Size": "Unknown", "Riot Scope": "Unknown", "Persons Named as Rioters": null, "Persons Named as Targets": null, "Note": null, "field_22": null }, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ -90.08651, 29.944425 ] } }
]
}